Ixabiso elithengiswa ngobuninzi yi-100% ioyile yepomelo ecocekileyo Ioyile yepomelo ebanzi

Isiqhamo seCitrus grandis L. Osbeck esaziwa kakhulu njengePomelo sisityalo semveli saseMzantsi Asia, esifumaneka apha eTshayina, eJapan, eVietnam, eMalaysia, eIndiya, naseThailand [1,2]. Kukholelwa ukuba sisiqalo esiphambili segrapefruit kwaye silungu losapho lweRutaceae. IPomelo, kunye nelamuni, iorenji, imandarin, kunye negrapefruit yenye yeziqhamo zecitrus ezikhuliswa kwaye zityiwa kakhulu eMzantsi-mpuma Asia nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi [3]. Isiqhamo sepomelo sidla ngokutyiwa sitsha okanye ngendlela yejusi ngelixa amaxolo, imbewu, kunye nezinye iindawo zesityalo zihlala zilahlwa njengenkunkuma. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesityalo, kubandakanya igqabi, i-pulp, kunye nexolo, ziye zasetyenziswa kumayeza esintu kangangeenkulungwane kuba ziye zabonakaliswa zinamandla okunyanga kwaye zikhuselekile ukuba zityiwe ngabantu [2,4]. Amagqabi esityalo seCitrus grandis kunye neoyile yaso asetyenziswa kumayeza esintu ukunyanga iimeko zesikhumba, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye nentlungu yesisu, ngokwahlukeneyo. Iziqhamo zeCitrus grandis azisetyenziswa nje kuphela ekutyeni, amayeza emveli ahlala enyanga ukukhwehlela, ukudumba, isifo sokuwa, kunye nezinye izifo ngamaxolo eziqhamo ukongeza ekuzisebenziseni kwiinjongo zokuhombisa [5]. Iintlobo zecitrus zezona ziphambili zeoyile ebalulekileyo kwaye iioyile ezithathwe kwixolo lecitrus zinevumba elimnandi nelivuselelayo. Kuye kwanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yoko ukubaluleka kwezorhwebo kuyakhula. Iioyile ezibalulekileyo zizinto zendalo ezifumaneka kwi-metabolites kuquka i-terpenes, i-sesquiterpenes, i-terpenoids, kunye neekhompawundi ze-aromatic ezinamaqela ahlukeneyo e-aliphatic hydrocarbons, i-aldehydes, ii-acids, ii-alcohols, ii-phenols, ii-esters, ii-oxides, ii-lactones, kunye nee-ethers [6]. Ioyile ebalulekileyo equlethe ezi khompawundi yaziwa ngokuba neepropati ze-antimicrobial kunye ne-antioxidant kwaye isebenza njengendlela eyahlukileyo kwizongezo zokwenziwa ezinomdla oshukumisayo kwiimveliso zendalo [1,7]. Izifundo ziqinisekisile ukuba izinto ezisebenzayo ezikhoyo kwioyile ezibalulekileyo zecitrus ezifana ne-limonene, i-pinene, kunye ne-terpinolene zibonisa uluhlu olubanzi lwe-antimicrobials, i-antifungal, i-anti-inflammatory, kunye nomsebenzi we-antioxidant [[8], [9], [10]]. Ngaphandle koko, ioyile ebalulekileyo ye-citrus ihlelwe njenge-GRAS (Ngokubanzi iyaziwa njengekhuselekileyo) ngenxa yezakhamzimba zayo ezinkulu kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwezoqoqosho [8]. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba iioyile ezibalulekileyo zinamandla okwandisa ixesha lokugcinwa kwazo kwaye zigcine umgangatho weentlanzi kunye neemveliso zenyama [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]].

Ngokutsho kwe-FAO, ngo-2020 (Imeko yeHlabathi yoLoba kunye neNkcubeko yoLwakhiwo), imveliso yeentlanzi kwihlabathi jikelele ibikhula kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kunye noqikelelo lwe-179 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2018 kunye nokulahleka okuqikelelweyo kwe-30-35%. Iintlanzi zaziwa kakhulu ngeproteni yazo esemgangathweni ophezulu, umthombo wendalo we-polyunsaturated fatty acids, (i-Eicosapentaenoic acid kunye ne-Docosahexaenoic acid), i-vitamin D, kunye ne-vitamin B2 kwaye zinomthombo otyebileyo weeminerali ezifana ne-calcium, i-sodium, i-potassium, kunye ne-iron [[16], [17], [18]]. Nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi ezintsha zisengozini enkulu yokonakala kweentsholongwane kunye notshintsho lwebhayoloji ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu wokufuma, i-asidi ephantsi, ii-enzymes ezisabelayo, kunye nexabiso lesondlo elicebileyo [12,19]. Inkqubo yokonakala ibandakanya i-rigor mortis, i-autolysis, ukuhlaselwa yibhaktheriya, kunye nokubola okubangela ukwakheka kwee-amines eziguquguqukayo ezivelisa ivumba elibi elibi ngenxa yokwanda kwenani leentsholongwane [20]. Iintlanzi ezigcinwe kwindawo ebandayo zinokukwazi ukugcina incasa yazo, ubunjani bazo, kunye nobutsha bazo ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Sekunjalo, umgangatho weentlanzi uyawohloka ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kweentsholongwane ezibangela ivumba elibi kunye nokuncipha kwexesha lokuphila kwazo [19].

Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe amanyathelo athile ukuze umgangatho weentlanzi unciphise izinto ezibolayo kwaye kwandiswe ixesha lokuhlala etafileni. Izifundo zangaphambili zityhile ukuba i-chitosan coating, i-oyile ye-oregano, i-oyile yebhakede lesinamoni, i-gum-based coating equlethe i-thyme kunye ne-clove essential oil, i-salting, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha xa idityaniswa nezinye iindlela zokugcina intlanzi zisebenze kakuhle ekuthinteleni ukwakheka kweentsholongwane kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuhlala etafileni leentlanzi [15,[10], [21], [22], [23], [24]]. Kolunye uphando, i-nanoemulsion yalungiswa kusetyenziswa i-d-limonene kwaye yafunyanwa isebenza ngokuchasene neentlobo ze-pathogenic [25]. I-Pomelo fruit peel yenye yezona mveliso ziphambili zokucubungula isiqhamo se-pomelo. Ngokolwazi lwethu, iimpawu kunye nepropathi yokusebenza kweoyile ebalulekileyo ye-pomelo peel azikajongwa ngokufanelekileyo. Isiphumo se-pomelo peel asisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo njenge-antibacterial agent ukuphucula uzinzo lokugcina lwe-fish fillets, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-essential oil njengesigcini se-bio kukuzinza kokugcina kwe-fish fillets ezintsha kuhlolwe. Iintlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo ezifumaneka apha ekhaya (iRohu (iLabeo rohita), iBahu (iLabeo calbahu), kunye neSilver carp (iHypophthalmichthys molitrix) zisetyenzisiwe kuba ziphakathi kwezona ntlanzi zikhethwayo. Iziphumo zolu phononongo aziyi kuba luncedo kuphela ekwandiseni uzinzo lokugcina iifillets zeentlanzi, kodwa ziya kwandisa nemfuno yeziqhamo zepomelo ezingasetyenziswanga kakuhle kummandla waseMantla Mpuma weIndiya.