ixabiso Ihoseyili 100% ecocekileyo pomelo peel oil Bulk Pomelo peel oil

Isiqhamo seCitrus grandis L. Osbeck esivunywa ngokubanzi njengePomelo sisityalo esiyinzalelwane saseMazantsi eAsia, esifumaneka eTshayina, eJapan, eVietnam, eMalaysia, eIndiya naseThailand [1,2]. Kukholelwa ukuba yeyona mvelaphi ye grapefruit kwaye lilungu losapho lwe Rutaceae. IPomelo, kunye nelamuni, iorenji, imandarin, kunye negrapefruit yenye yeziqhamo zesitrasi ezikhuliswa ngoku kwaye zidliwe kakhulu eMzantsi-mpuma Asia nakweminye imimandla yehlabathi [3]. Isiqhamo sepomelo siqhele ukutyiwa sisitsha okanye sikwimo yejusi ngelixa amaxolo, imbewu, kunye nezinye iindawo zesityalo zilahlwa njengenkunkuma. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesityalo, kuquka iqabunga, i-pulp, kunye ne-peel, zisetyenziswe kumayeza esintu kangangeenkulungwane ngenxa yokuba zibonakaliswe ukuba zinamandla onyango kwaye zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe ngabantu [2,4]. Amagqabi esityalo seCitrus grandis kunye ne-oyile yawo asetyenziswa kumayeza esintu ukunyanga iimeko zolusu, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neentlungu zesisu, ngokulandelelanayo. Iziqhamo zeCitrus grandis azisetyenziselwa nje ukusetyenziswa, amayeza esintu ahlala enyanga ukhohlokhohlo, i-edema, ukuxhuzula, kunye nezinye izigulo ngamaxolo eziqhamo ukongezelela ekusetyenzisweni kweenjongo zokuthambisa [5]. Iindidi ze-citrus ngowona mthombo we-oyile ebalulekileyo kwaye i-oyile ephuma kwi-citrus peel inevumba elinqwenelekayo elinamandla elinesiphumo esihlaziyayo. Kuye kwanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yoko ukubaluleka kwezorhwebo kukhula. Ii-oyile eziyimfuneko ngokwendalo zivela kwi-metabolites ezibandakanya i-terpenes, i-sesquiterpenes, i-terpenoids, kunye neekhompawundi eziqholiweyo ezinamaqela ahlukeneyo e-aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, acids, alcohols, phenols, esters, oxides, lactones, and ethers [6]. I-oyile ebalulekileyo equlethe iikhompawundi ezinjalo ziyaziwa ukuba zinezixhobo zokulwa ne-antimicrobial kunye ne-antioxidant kwaye zisebenza njengenye indlela yezongezo zokwenziwa kunye nomdla ohambayo kwiimveliso zendalo [1,7]. Uphononongo luqinisekile ukuba amacandelo asebenzayo akhoyo kwiioyile zesitrasi ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-limonene, i-pinene, kunye ne-terpinolene zibonisa uluhlu olubanzi lwee-antimicrobials, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity [[8], [9], [10]] . Ngaphandle koko, i-oyile ye-citrus ebalulekileyo iye yahlelwa njenge-GRAS (Ibonwa Ngokubanzi njengeKhuselekileyo) ngenxa yezondlo zayo ezinkulu kunye nokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho [8]. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ioli efunekayo inamandla okwandisa ubomi beshelufu kunye nokugcina umgangatho weentlanzi kunye nemveliso yenyama [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]].

Ngokutsho kwe-FAO, i-2020 (i-State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture), imveliso yeentlanzi zehlabathi iye yanda kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kunye noqikelelo olumalunga ne-179 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2018 kunye nelahleko eqikelelwayo ye-30-35%. Iintlanzi zaziwa kakhulu ngeprotein yazo ekumgangatho ophezulu, umthombo wendalo we-polyunsaturated fatty acids, (i-Eicosapentaenoic acid kunye ne-Docosahexaenoic acid), i-vitamin D, kunye ne-vitamin B2 kwaye inomthombo ocebileyo weeminerali ezifana ne-calcium, i-sodium, i-potassium, ne-iron. [[16], [17], [18]]. Nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi ezitsha zichaphazeleka kakhulu kwi-microbial spoilage kunye notshintsho lwebhayoloji ngenxa yokufuma okuphezulu, i-asidi ephantsi, i-endogenous enzymes esebenzayo, kunye nexabiso lezondlo [12,19]. Inkqubo yokonakala ibandakanya ukufa kwe-rigor, i-autolysis, ukuhlasela kwebhaktheriya, kunye nokubola okukhokelela ekubunjweni kwee-amines eziguquguqukayo ezivelisa ivumba elibi ngenxa yokwanda kwabemi be-microbial [20]. Intlanzi kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo inamandla okugcina incasa, ukumila, kunye nokutsha ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho weentlanzi uwohloka ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwe-psychrophilic microorganisms ekhokelela kwi-off-odor kunye nokunciphisa ubomi beshelufu [19].

Ke ngoko, ukujonga amanyathelo athile ayimfuneko kumgangatho wentlanzi ukunciphisa izinto ezibolayo kunye nokwandisa ixesha leshelufu. Uphononongo lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba ukutyabeka kwe-chitosan, ioli ye-oregano, ioli ye-cinnamon bark, i-gum-based coating ene-thyme kunye ne-clove ioli efunekayo, i-salting, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha idityaniswe nezinye iindlela zokukhusela zazisebenza kakuhle ekuthinteleni ukuqanjwa kwe-microbial kunye nokwandisa ubomi beshelufu yentlanzi. [15, [10], [21], [22], [23], [24]]. Kwesinye isifundo, i-nanoemulsion yalungiswa ngokusebenzisa i-d-limonene kwaye yafunyanwa isebenzayo ngokuchasene neentlobo ze-pathogenic [25]. I-Pomelo fruit peel yenye yezona zinto zisetyenzwayo kwiziqhamo zepomelo. Kwiimpawu zethu zolwazi olungcono kunye nepropathi esebenzayo yeoli efunekayo ye-pomelo peel ayikaqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umphumo wepomelo peel awusetyenziswanga ngokufanelekileyo njenge-antibacterial agent ekuphuculeni uzinzo lokugcinwa kweentlanzi zeentlanzi, kunye nokusebenza kwe-oyile efunekayo njenge-bio-preservative ekugcinweni kozinzo lweefayili zentlanzi ezintsha kwavavanywa. Iintlanzi ezifumaneka ekuhlaleni zamanzi acwengileyo (iRohu (Labeo rohita), iBahu (Labeo calbahu), kunye neSilver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) zisetyenzisiwe kuba ziphakathi kwezona ntlanzi zithandwayo. uzinzo lwefilts fillet, kodwa ikwanyusa imfuno yeziqhamo zepomelo ezingasetyenziswanga kuMntla Mpuma weIndiya.