ixabiso Ihoseyili 100% ecocekileyo pomelo peel oil Bulk Pomelo peel oil

Isiqhamo seCitrus grandis L. Osbeck esivunywa ngokubanzi njengePomelo sisityalo esiyinzalelwane saseMazantsi eAsia, esifumaneka eTshayina, eJapan, eVietnam, eMalaysia, eIndiya naseThailand [1,2]. Kukholelwa ukuba yeyona mvelaphi ye grapefruit kwaye lilungu losapho lwe Rutaceae. IPomelo, kunye nelamuni, iorenji, imandarin, kunye negrapefruit yenye yeziqhamo zesitrasi ezikhuliswa ngoku kwaye zidliwe kakhulu eMzantsi-mpuma Asia nakweminye imimandla yehlabathi [3]. Isiqhamo sepomelo siqhele ukutyiwa sisitsha okanye sikwimo yejusi ngelixa amaxolo, imbewu, kunye nezinye iindawo zesityalo zilahlwa njengenkunkuma. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesityalo, kuquka iqabunga, i-pulp, kunye ne-peel, zisetyenziswe kumayeza esintu kangangeenkulungwane ngenxa yokuba zibonakaliswe ukuba zinamandla onyango kwaye zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe ngabantu [2,4]. Amagqabi esityalo seCitrus grandis kunye ne-oyile yawo asetyenziswa kumayeza esintu ukunyanga iimeko zolusu, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neentlungu zesisu, ngokulandelelanayo. Iziqhamo zeCitrus grandis azisetyenziselwa nje ukusetyenziswa, amayeza esintu ahlala enyanga ukhohlokhohlo, i-edema, ukuxhuzula, kunye nezinye izigulo ngamaxolo eziqhamo ukongezelela ekusetyenzisweni kweenjongo zokuthambisa [5]. Iindidi ze-citrus ngowona mthombo we-oyile ebalulekileyo kwaye i-oyile ephuma kwi-citrus peel inevumba elinqwenelekayo elinamandla elinesiphumo esihlaziyayo. Kubekho ukwanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yoko ukubaluleka kwezorhwebo kukhula. Ii-oyile eziyimfuneko ngokwendalo zivela kwi-metabolites ezibandakanya i-terpenes, i-sesquiterpenes, i-terpenoids, kunye neekhompawundi eziqholiweyo ezinamaqela ahlukeneyo e-aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, acids, alcohols, phenols, esters, oxides, lactones, and ethers [6]. I-oyile ebalulekileyo equlethe iikhompawundi ezinjalo ziyaziwa ukuba zinezixhobo zokulwa ne-antimicrobial kunye ne-antioxidant kwaye zisebenza njengenye indlela yezongezo zokwenziwa kunye nomdla ohambayo kwiimveliso zendalo [1,7]. Ucwaningo luye lwaqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo asebenzayo akhoyo kwioli ye-citrus ebalulekileyo njenge-limonene, i-pinene, kunye ne-terpinolene ibonisa uluhlu olubanzi lwe-antimicrobials, i-antifungal, i-anti-inflammatory, kunye nomsebenzi we-antioxidant [[8], [9], [10]]. Ngaphandle koko, i-oyile ye-citrus ebalulekileyo iye yahlelwa njenge-GRAS (Ibonwa Ngokubanzi njengeKhuselekileyo) ngenxa yezondlo zayo ezinkulu kunye nokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho [8]. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ioli efunekayo inamandla okwandisa ubomi beshelufu kunye nokugcina umgangatho weentlanzi kunye nemveliso yenyama [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]].

Ngokutsho kwe-FAO, i-2020 (i-State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture), imveliso yeentlanzi zehlabathi iye yanda kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kunye noqikelelo olumalunga ne-179 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2018 kunye nelahleko eqikelelwayo ye-30-35%. Iintlanzi ziyaziwa kakhulu ngeprotheni ephezulu, umthombo wendalo we-polyunsaturated fatty acids, (i-Eicosapentaenoic acid kunye ne-Docosahexaenoic acid), i-vitamin D, kunye ne-vitamin B2 kwaye inomthombo ocebileyo weeminerali ezifana ne-calcium, i-sodium, i-potassium, kunye nentsimbi [[16], [17], [18]]. Nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi ezitsha zichaphazeleka kakhulu kwi-microbial spoilage kunye notshintsho lwebhayoloji ngenxa yokufuma okuphezulu, i-asidi ephantsi, i-endogenous enzymes esebenzayo, kunye nexabiso lezondlo [12,19]. Inkqubo yokonakala ibandakanya ukufa kwe-rigor, i-autolysis, ukuhlasela kwebhaktheriya, kunye nokubola okukhokelela ekubunjweni kwee-amines eziguquguqukayo ezivelisa ivumba elibi ngenxa yokwanda kwabemi be-microbial [20]. Intlanzi kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo inamandla okugcina incasa, ukumila, kunye nokutsha ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho weentlanzi uwohloka ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwe-psychrophilic microorganisms ekhokelela kwi-off-odor kunye nokunciphisa ubomi beshelufu [19].

Ke ngoko, ukujonga amanyathelo athile ayimfuneko kumgangatho wentlanzi ukunciphisa izinto ezibolayo kunye nokwandisa ixesha leshelufu. Uphononongo lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba ukutyabeka kwe-chitosan, ioli ye-oregano, ioli ye-cinnamon bark, i-gum-based based coating equlethe i-thyme kunye ne-clove ioli efunekayo, i-salting, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha idityaniswe nezinye iindlela zokukhusela zazisebenza ngokunqanda ukuqanjwa kwe-microbial kunye nokwandisa ubomi beshelufu yentlanzi [15, [10], [21], [22], [23]]. Kwesinye isifundo, i-nanoemulsion yalungiswa ngokusebenzisa i-d-limonene kwaye yafunyanwa isebenzayo ngokuchasene neentlobo ze-pathogenic [25]. I-Pomelo fruit peel yenye yezona zinto zisetyenzwayo kwiziqhamo zepomelo. Kwiimpawu zethu zolwazi olungcono kunye nepropathi esebenzayo yeoli efunekayo ye-pomelo peel ayikaqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umphumo wepomelo peel awusetyenziswanga ngokufanelekileyo njenge-antibacterial agent ekuphuculeni uzinzo lokugcinwa kweentlanzi zeentlanzi, kunye nokusebenza kwe-oyile efunekayo njenge-bio-preservative ekugcinweni kozinzo lweefayili zentlanzi ezintsha kwavavanywa. Iintlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo akhoyo ekuhlaleni (iRohu (Labeo rohita), iBahu (Labeo calbahu), kunye neSilver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) zisetyenzisiwe ekubeni ziphakathi kwezona ntlanzi zikhethwayo kakhulu.