Ioli ye-Herbal Fructus Amomi massage yendalo I-Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Ioyile ebalulekileyo

inkcazelo emfutshane:

Usapho lweZingiberaceae luye lwatsala umdla okhulayo kuphando lwe-alelopathic ngenxa yeoyile etyebileyo eguqukayo kunye nokuvumba kweentlobo zelungu layo. Uphando lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba imichiza evela kwiCurcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] kunye noZingiber officinale Rosc. [42] yosapho lwejinja ineziphumo zealelopathic ekuntshuleni kwembewu kunye nokukhula kwezithole zombona, iletisi kunye netumata. Uphononongo lwethu lwangoku luyingxelo yokuqala malunga nomsebenzi we-alelopathic we-volatiles ukusuka kwiziqu, amaqabunga, kunye neziqhamo ezincinci ze-A. villosum (ilungu lentsapho yaseZingiberaceae). Imveliso ye-oyile yezikhondo, amagqabi, kunye neziqhamo eziselula zibe yi-0.15%, 0.40%, kunye ne-0.50%, ngokulandelelana, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iziqhamo zivelise ubuninzi be-oyile eziguquguqukayo kuneziqu kunye namagqabi. Iinqununu eziphambili zeoli eziguquguqukayo ezivela kwiziqu zaziyi-β-pinene, β-phellandrene kunye ne-α-pinene, eyayingumzekelo ofana naleyo yeekhemikhali ezinkulu zeoli yeqabunga, i-β-pinene kunye ne-α-pinene (i-monoterpene hydrocarbons). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ioli kwiziqhamo ezincinci zazityebile kwi-bornyl acetate kunye ne-camphor (i-oxygenated monoterpenes). Iziphumo zaxhaswa ziziphumo zeDo N Dai [30,32] kunye noHui Ao [31] owayechonge iioli ezivela kumalungu ahlukeneyo e-A. villosum.

Kukho iingxelo ezininzi malunga nemisebenzi yokuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo kwezi zikhompawundi eziphambili kwezinye iintlobo. U-Shalinder Kaur ufumanise ukuba i-α-pinene esuka kwi-eucalyptus icinezele ngokucacileyo ubude beengcambu kunye nobude behlumelo le-Amaranthus viridis L. kwi-1.0 μL yoxinzelelo [43], kunye nolunye uphando lubonise ukuba i-α-pinene inqanda ukukhula kweengcambu kwangaphambili kwaye yabangela umonakalo we-oxidative kwiingcambu zeengcambu ngokunyuka kwesizukulwana se-oksijeni esebenzayo [44]. Ezinye iingxelo ziye zaxoxa ukuba i-β-pinene inqanda ukuntshula kunye nokukhula kwezithole zovavanyo lokhula ngendlela yokuphendula exhomekeke kwidosi ngokuphazamisa ingqibelelo yenwebu [45], ukuguqula i-biochemistry yesityalo kunye nokuphucula imisebenzi ye-peroxidases kunye ne-polyphenol oxidases [46]. I-β-Phellandrene ibonise inhibition ephezulu yokuhluma kunye nokukhula kweVigna unguiculata (L.) Walp ekugxininiseni kwe-600 ppm [47], kanti, kwi-concentration ye-250 mg / m3, i-camphor icinezele i-radicle kunye nokukhula kwehlumela le-Lepidium sativum L. [48]. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olunika ingxelo ngempembelelo ye-alelopathic ye-bornyl acetate luncinci. Kuphononongo lwethu, iziphumo ze-alelopathic ze-β-pinene, i-bornyl acetate kunye ne-camphor kubude beengcambu zazibuthathaka kuneoli eguqukayo ngaphandle kwe-α-pinene, ngelixa i-oyile yegqabi, ecebileyo kwi-α-pinene, nayo yayine-phytotoxic ngaphezu kwe-volatile ehambelana nayo. i-oyile ezisuka kwiziqu kunye neziqhamo ze-A. villosum, zombini iziphumo ezibonisa ukuba i-α-pinene inokuba yimichiza ebalulekileyo ye-alelopathy ngolu hlobo. Kwangaxeshanye, iziphumo zikwachaza ukuba ezinye iikhompawundi kwi-oyile yeziqhamo ebezingekho ninzi zinokuba negalelo kwimveliso yesiphumo se-phytotoxic, ukufunyaniswa okudinga uphando olongezelelweyo kwixesha elizayo.

Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umphumo we-alelopathic we-alllopathics yintlobo-specific. Jiang et al. yafumanisa ukuba ioli eyimfuneko eveliswe ngu-Artemisia sieversiana yenza impembelelo enamandla kakhulu kwi-Amaranthus retroflexus L. kune-Medicago sativa L., i-Poa annua L., kunye ne-Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Kolunye uphononongo, ioli eguquguqukayo yeLavandula angustifolia Mill. ivelise amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eziphumo zephytotoxic kwiintlobo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Lolium multiflorum Lam. yayiyeyona ntlobo yamkelekileyo enovakalelo, i-hypocotyl kunye nokukhula kwe-radicle kuthintelwe yi-87.8% kunye ne-76.7%, ngokulandelelanayo, kwidosi ye-oyile eyi-1 μL/mL, kodwa ukukhula kwe-hypocotyl yezithole zecucumber akuzange kuchaphazeleke [20]. Iziphumo zethu ziphinde zabonisa ukuba kukho umahluko kwi-sensitivity kwi-A. villosum volatiles phakathi kwe-L. sativa kunye ne-L. perenne.

Iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo kunye neeoli eziyimfuneko zohlobo olufanayo zinokuhluka ngokobungakanani kunye / okanye ngokomgangatho ngenxa yeemeko zokukhula, iindawo zezityalo kunye neendlela zokufumanisa. Ngokomzekelo, ingxelo ibonise ukuba i-pyranoid (i-10.3%) kunye ne-β-caryophyllene (i-6.6%) yayiyi-compounds enkulu ye-volatiles ephuma kumagqabi e-Sambucus nigra, kanti benzaldehyde (17.8%), i-α-bulnesene (16.6%) kunye ne-tetracosane (11.5%) zazininzi kwii-oyile ezithathwe emagqabini [50]. Kuphononongo lwethu, iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ezikhutshwe zixhobo ezitsha zezityalo zineempembelelo ezinamandla ze-alelopathic kwizityalo zokuvavanya kuneoli ekhutshiweyo edibeneyo, ukungafani kwempendulo kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokungafani kwimichiza ye-alllopathic ekhoyo kumalungiselelo amabini. Umahluko ochanekileyo phakathi kweekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo kunye neeoli kufuneka ziphandwe ngakumbi kwiimvavanyo ezilandelayo.

Umahluko kwiyantlukwano yemicrobial kunye nolwakhiwo loluntu lwemicrobial kwisampulu zomhlaba apho ioyile eguquguqukayo yongeziweyo yayinxulumene nokhuphiswano phakathi kwemicroorganisms kunye nazo naziphi na iziphumo eziyityhefu kunye nobude bexesha le-oyile eguquguqukayo emhlabeni. IVokou kunye neLiotiri51] yafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-oyile ezine ezibalulekileyo (0.1 mL) kumhlaba olinyiweyo (150 g) ukuphefumla okusebenzayo kweesampulu zomhlaba, nkqu nee-oyile zahlukile kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, okucebisa ukuba i-oyile yesityalo isetyenziswa njengekhabhoni kunye nomthombo wamandla ngo iimicroorganisms ezenzekayo emhlabeni. Idatha efunyenwe kuphononongo lwangoku iqinisekisile ukuba i-oyile evela kwisityalo sonke se-A. villosum ibe negalelo ekwandeni okucacileyo kwenani leentlobo zefungal zomhlaba ngomhla we-14 emva kokufakwa kweoyile, ebonisa ukuba ioyile inokubonelela ngomthombo wekhabhoni ngakumbi. umhlaba umngundo. Olunye uphononongo luchaze into efunyenweyo: ii-microorganisms zomhlaba zafumana umsebenzi wazo wokuqala kunye ne-biomass emva kwexesha lexeshana lokutshintsha okubangelwa ukongezwa kweoli ye-Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), kodwa i-oyile kwidosi ephezulu (0.93 µL ioli ngegrama yomhlaba) akazange avumele iintsholongwane zomhlaba ukuba ziphinde zifumane umsebenzi wokuqala [52]. Kuphononongo lwangoku, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwe-microbiological yomhlaba emva kokunyangwa ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo kunye nokugxila, sicinge ukuba uluntu lwebhaktiriya yomhlaba luya kubuya emva kweentsuku ezingaphezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-microbiota yefungal ayikwazi ukubuyela kwimeko yayo yangaphambili. Ezi ziphumo zilandelayo ziqinisekisa le ngqikelelo: isiphumo esahlukileyo sokugxilwa okuphezulu kwe-oyile ekubunjweni kwe-microbiome yefungal yomhlaba yatyhilwa luhlalutyo oluphambili lwe-co-ordinates (PCoA), kunye nomboniso we-heatmap waqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba ukubunjwa koluntu lokungunda komhlaba. iphathwe nge-oyile ye-3.0 mg/mL (oyile i-0.375 mg yeoli ngegram yomhlaba) kwinqanaba le-genus lahluke kakhulu kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Okwangoku, uphando malunga neziphumo zokongezwa kwe-monoterpene hydrocarbons okanye i-oksijini monoterpenes kwiyantlukwano ye-microbial yomhlaba kunye nolwakhiwo loluntu lusanqongophele. Izifundo ezimbalwa zichaze ukuba i-α-pinene yonyusa umsebenzi we-microbial yomhlaba kunye nobuninzi obunxulumene ne-Methylophilaceae (iqela le-methylotrophs, i-Proteobacteria) phantsi komxholo wokufuma ophantsi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo njengomthombo wekhabhoni kwimihlaba eyomileyo.53]. Ngokufanayo, ioli eguquguqukayo ye-A. villosum isityalo sonke, equlethe i-15.03% α-pinene (ITheyibhile eyoNgezelelweyo S1), ngokucacileyo kwandisa ubuninzi obunxulumene neProteobacteria kwi-1.5 mg / mL kunye ne-3.0 mg / mL, eyacebisa ukuba i-α-pinene inokuthi isebenze njengenye yemithombo yekhabhoni ye-microorganisms yomhlaba.

Iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo eziveliswe ngamalungu ahlukeneyo e-A. villosum zinee-degrees ezahlukeneyo zeziphumo ze-alllopathic kwi-L. sativa kunye ne-L. perenne, eyayinxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-chemical constituents ukuba i-A. villosum plant parts equlethwe. Nangona ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zeoli eguquguqukayo kuqinisekisiwe, iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ezikhutshwe ngu-A. villosum kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo azikaziwa, ezifuna uphando olongezelelweyo. Ngaphezu koko, isiphumo se-synergistic phakathi kwee-alelochemicals ezahlukeneyo zikwafanele ukuqwalaselwa. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-microorganisms yomhlaba, ukuphonononga umphumo weoyile eguquguqukayo kwi-microorganisms yomhlaba ngokubanzi, kusafuneka siqhube uphando olunzulu: ukwandisa ixesha lokunyanga ioli eguquguqukayo kunye nokwahluka okubonakalayo kwimichiza yeoli eguqukayo emhlabeni. ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo.

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Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Iithegi zeMveliso

I-Allelopathy idla ngokuchazwa njengayo nayiphi na isiphumo esithe ngqo okanye esingathanga ngqo, esilungileyo okanye esibi ngesityalo esinye kwesinye ngokuveliswa kunye nokukhululwa kweekhompawundi zemichiza kokusingqongileyo.1]. Izityalo zikhulula i-alelochemicals kwi-atmosfera ejikelezileyo kunye nomhlaba ngokusebenzisa i-volatilization, i-foliar leaching, ukukhutshwa kweengcambu, kunye nokubola kwentsalela [2]. Njengeqela elinye lamachiza abalulekileyo, amacandelo aguquguqukayo angena emoyeni kunye nomhlaba ngeendlela ezifanayo: izityalo zikhupha i-volatiles emoyeni ngokuthe ngqo [3]; Amanzi emvula ahlanjululwa la malungu (afana ne-monoterpenes) aphuma kwi-leaf secretory structures kunye ne-wax yangaphezulu, enikezela ukubanakho kweenxalenye eziguqukayo emhlabeni [4]; iingcambu zezityalo zinokukhupha iintsholongwane ezibangelwa yi-herbivore kunye ne-pathogen-induced volatile emhlabeni [5]; la malungu kwinkunkuma yesityalo nawo akhutshelwa kumhlaba ojikelezileyo [6]. Okwangoku, iioyile eziguquguqukayo ziye zaphononongwa ngakumbi ukuze zisetyenziswe ekulawuleni ukhula kunye nezinambuzane.7,8,9,10,11]. Zifunyaniswa zisebenza ngokusasaza kwimo yazo yegesi emoyeni kwaye ngokuguqukela kwamanye amazwe ukuya okanye emhlabeni [3,12], idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukukhula kwezityalo ngokusebenzisana kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nokuguqula uluntu lwezityalo zokhula [13]. Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba i-alelopathy inokuququzelela ukusekwa kweentlobo zezityalo kwindalo yendalo [ecosystems].14,15,16]. Ke ngoko, iintlobo zezityalo eziphambili zinokujoliswa njengemithombo enokubakho yeallochemicals.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iziphumo ze-alelopathic kunye ne-alelochemicals ziye zafumana ingqwalasela engakumbi nangakumbi kubaphandi ngenjongo yokuchonga indawo efanelekileyo ye-synthetic herbicides [17,18,19,20]. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yezolimo, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula iya isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukukhula kokhula. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ngokungakhethiyo kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kube negalelo ekwandeni kweengxaki zokunganyangeki kokhula, ukuwohloka ngokuthe ngcembe komhlaba, kunye neengozi kwimpilo yabantu [21]. Iikhompawundi zendalo ze-alelopathic ezivela kwizityalo zinokunika amandla amakhulu okuphuhliswa kwemichiza emitsha yokutshabalalisa ukhula, okanye njengeekhompawundi ezikhokelela ekuchongeni imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula emitsha evela kwindalo [17,22].

Amomum villosum Lour. sisityalo se-herbaceous perennial kwintsapho yejinja, sikhula ukuya kubude obuyi-1.2-3.0 m emthunzini wemithi. Isasazwe ngokubanzi eMzantsi China, eThailand, eVietnam, eLaos, eKhambodiya nakweminye imimandla ekuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. Isiqhamo esomileyo se-A. villosum luhlobo lwesiqholo esiqhelekileyo ngenxa yencasa enomtsalane [23] kwaye imele iyeza lesintu elaziwayo eTshayina, elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukunyanga izifo zesisu. Amaphononongo amaninzi anike ingxelo yokuba iioyile eziguquguqukayo ezityebileyo kwi-A. villosum zezona nxalenye zamayeza kunye nezithako ezinevumba elimnandi [24,25,26,27]. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-oyile eziyimfuneko ze-A. villosum zibonisa ubutyhefu boqhagamshelwano ngokuchasene nezinambuzane i-Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) kunye neLasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), kunye netyhefu efumigant eyomeleleyo ngokuchasene ne-T. castaneum [28]. Kwangaxeshanye, iA. villosum inefuthe elibi kwizityalo eziziintlobo ngeentlobo, i-biomass, i-litterfall kunye nezondlo zomhlaba zamahlathi emvula aphambili [29]. Nangona kunjalo, indima ye-ecological ye-oyile eguquguqukayo kunye ne-alelopathic compounds ayaziwa. Ekukhanyeni kwezifundo zangaphambili kwiikhemikhali ze-oyile ze-A. villosum [30,31,32], injongo yethu kukuphanda ukuba i-A. villosum iyakhupha iikhompawundi ezineempembelelo ze-alelopathic emoyeni nasemhlabeni ukunceda ukuseka ukongamela kwayo. Ngoko ke, siceba: (i) ukuhlalutya kunye nokuthelekisa iikhemikhali zeoli eziguquguqukayo ezivela kumalungu ahlukeneyo e-A. villosum; (ii) Vavanya i-alelopathy yeeoli eziguquguqukayo ezitsalwe kunye neekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ezivela kwi-A. villosum, kwaye emva koko zichonge iikhemikhali ezineempembelelo ze-alelopathic kwi-Lactuca sativa L. kunye ne-Lolium perenne L.; kunye (iii) nokuphonononga kwangaphambili iziphumo ze-oyile ezivela kwi-A. villosum kwiyantlukwano kunye nesakhiwo soluntu se-microorganisms emhlabeni.