-
Natural Pure Organic Lavender Essential Oyile kukhathalelo ulusu Aromatherapy
Ukutsalwa okanye Indlela yokuLungiselela:I-steam distilled
Inxalenye yokukhutshwa kweDistillation:Intyatyambo
Imvelaphi yelizwe: China
Isicelo:I-Diffuse/aromatherapy/massage
Ubomi beShelf: iminyaka emi-3
Inkonzo eyenzelwe wena: ileyibhile kunye nebhokisi okanye njengemfuno yakho
Isiqinisekiso:GMPC/FDA/ISO9001/MSDS/COA
-
I-100% ecocekileyo yeNdalo ye-Organic Magnoliae Officmalis I-oyile yeCortex ebalulekileyo yeOyile yokuKhathalela ulusu
Ivumba likaHou Po liyakrakra ngoko nangoko kwaye lihlaba kabukhali lize livuleke ngokuthe ngcembe ngobunzulu, ubuswiti obunencindi kunye nobushushu.
Ubudlelwane bukaHou Po kuMhlaba kunye nezinto zeMetal apho ubushushu obukrakra busebenza ngamandla ukuhla kweQi kunye nokufuma okomileyo. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, isetyenziswa kumayeza aseTshayina ukukhulula ukuqina kunye nokuqokelelana kwindlela yokugaya kunye nokukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla ngenxa ye-phlegm ethintela imiphunga.
IMagnolia Officinials ngumthi ovuthulukayo ophuma ezintabeni kunye neentlambo zase Sichuan, Hubei kunye namanye amaphondo ase China. Ixolo elivumba elimnandi elisetyenziswa kumayeza esintu aseTshayina lihluthwa iziqu, amasebe kunye neengcambu Eziqokelelwe ngoAprili ukuya kuJuni. Ixolo elishinyeneyo, eligudileyo, elinzima ngeoyile, linombala omfusa kwicala langaphakathi kunye nekristale njengesheen.
Abasebenzi banokuqwalasela ukudibanisa i-Hou Po kunye ne-Qing Pi yeoli efunekayo njengenqaku eliphezulu lokuncoma kwiingxube ezijoliswe ekuqhawuleni ii-accumulations.
-
OEM Custom Package Natural Macrocephalae ioli Rhizoma
Njenge-agent ye-chemotherapeutic esebenzayo, i-5-fluorouracil (i-5-FU) isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kunyango lwe-tumor enobungozi kwi-gastrointestinal tract, intloko, intamo, isifuba kunye ne-ovary. Kwaye i-5-FU lichiza lokuqala lomhlaza womlomo ekliniki. Indlela yokusebenza ye-5-FU kukuthintela ukuguqulwa kwe-uracil nucleic acid kwi-thymine nucleic acid kwiiseli ze-tumor, emva koko ichaphazele ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokulungiswa kwe-DNA kunye ne-RNA ukufezekisa umphumo wayo we-cytotoxic (Afzal et al., 2009; Ducreux et. al., 2015; Longley et al., 2003). Nangona kunjalo, i-5-FU iphinda ivelise i-chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID), enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezichaphazela izigulane ezininzi (Filho et al., 2016). Iziganeko zesifo sohudo kwizigulane eziphathwe nge-5-FU zafikelela kwi-50% -80%, eyachaphazela kakhulu inkqubela kunye nokusebenza kwe-chemotherapy (Iacovelli et al., 2014; Rosenoff et al., 2006). Ngenxa yoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo lwe-CID ye-5-FU.
Okwangoku, ukungenelela okungekho ziyobisi kunye nokungenelela kweziyobisi kuye kwangeniswa kunyango lweklinikhi ye-CID. Ungenelelo olungelulo iziyobisi lubandakanya ukutya okunengqiqo, kunye nokuncedisa ngetyuwa, iswekile kunye nezinye izondlo. Iziyobisi ezifana ne-loperamide kunye ne-octreotide zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-anti-diarrhea therapy ye-CID (Benson et al., 2004). Ukongeza, ii-ethnomedicines zikwamkelwe ukunyanga i-CID ngonyango lwazo olulodwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Iyeza lemveli laseTshayina (TCM) lilinye eliqhelekileyo le-ethnomedicine eliye lasetyenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-2000 kumazwe aseMpuma Asia kuquka iChina, iJapan kunye neKorea (Qi et al., 2010). I-TCM ibambe ukuba amachiza e-chemotherapeutic angaqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Qi, ukunqongophala kwe-spleen, i-disharmony yesisu kunye nokufuma kwe-endophytic, okukhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamathumbu. Kwithiyori ye-TCM, isicwangciso sonyango se-CID kufuneka sixhomekeke ikakhulu ekwandiseni i-Qi kunye nokuqina kwe-spleen (Wang et al., 1994).
Iingcambu ezomileyo zeAtractylodes macrocephalaKoidz. (AM) kunyePanax ginsengCA Mey. (PG) ngamayeza esintu aqhelekileyo kwi-TCM aneziphumo ezifanayo zokongeza i-Qi kunye nokomeleza udakada (Li et al., 2014). I-AM kunye ne-PG zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengezibini zemifuno (eyona ndlela ilula yokuhambelana kwemifuno yaseTshayina) kunye nemiphumo yokongeza i-Qi kunye nokomeleza udaka ukunyanga urhudo. Umzekelo, i-AM kunye ne-PG zibhalwe kwiifomyula zamandulo ezichasene norhudo ezifana noShen Ling Bai Zhu San, uSi Jun Zi Tang osuka.Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang(Ubukhosi beNgoma, iChina) kunye noBu Zhong Yi Qi Tang ukusukaUPi Wei Lun(Ubukhosi baseYuan, eChina) (Umfanekiso 1). Izifundo ezininzi zangaphambili zaxela ukuba zonke ezi fomula zintathu zinamandla okunciphisa i-CID (Bai et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2019; Gou et al., 2016). Ukongeza, uphononongo lwethu lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba iShenzhu Capsule equlethe kuphela i-AM kunye ne-PG ineziphumo ezinokubakho kunyango lohudo, i-colitis (i-xiexie syndrome), kunye nezinye izifo zesisu (Feng et al., 2018). Nangona kunjalo, akukho sifundo sixoxe ngesiphumo kunye nendlela ye-AM kunye ne-PG ekunyangeni i-CID, nokuba idibene okanye yodwa.
Ngoku i-gut microbiota ithathwa njengento enokubakho ekuqondeni indlela yonyango ye-TCM (Feng et al., 2019). Uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba i-gut microbiota idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni i-homeostasis yamathumbu. Impilo ye-gut microbiota inegalelo ekukhuselweni kwe-mucosal yamathumbu, i-metabolism, i-immune homeostasis kunye nokuphendula, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-pathogen (Thursby noJuge, 2017; Pickard et al., 2017). I-Disordered gut microbiota iphazamisa imisebenzi ye-physiological kunye ne-immune yomzimba womntu ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ibangela ukuphendula kwecala elifana nesifo sohudo (uPatel et al., 2016; Zhao kunye noShen, 2010). Uphando lubonise ukuba i-5-FU yatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo isakhiwo se-gut microbiota kwiigundane zohudo (Li et al., 2017). Ngoko ke, imiphumo ye-AM kunye ne-PM kwi-5-FU eyenziwa yi-diarrhea inokuthi ixutywe yi-gut microbiota. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba i-AM kunye ne-PG yodwa kwaye ngokudibeneyo inokuthintela urhudo olubangelwa yi-5-FU ngokumodareyitha i-gut microbiota ayaziwa.
Ukuze siphande iziphumo ezichasene nesifo sohudo kunye nendlela engaphantsi kwe-AM kunye ne-PG, sasebenzisa i-5-FU ukulinganisa imodeli yohudo kwiimpuku. Apha, sigxininise kwimiphumo enokubakho yolawulo olulodwa kunye oludibeneyo (AP) lweAtractylodes macrocephalaioli ebalulekileyo (AMO) kunyePanax ginsengi-saponins iyonke (PGS), amacandelo asebenzayo ngokulandelelana akhutshwe kwi-AM kunye ne-PG, kwisifo sohudo, i-intestinal pathology kunye nesakhiwo se-microbial emva kwe-5-FU i-chemotherapy.
-
I-100% ye-Oli ecocekileyo yeNdalo ye-Eucommiae yeFoliuml ye-Oli ebalulekileyo yokuKhathalela ulusu
Eucommia ulmoides(EU) (eqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yi-“Du Zhong” ngolwimi lwesiTshayina) yeyosapho lwe-Eucommiaceae, udidi lomthi omncinane oyinzalelwane kuMbindi we-China [1]. Esi sityalo silinywa kakhulu e-China ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngenxa yokubaluleka kweyeza. Malunga ne-112 iikhompawundi ziye zahlukaniswa kwi-EU ezibandakanya i-lignans, i-iridoids, i-phenolics, i-steroids, kunye nezinye iikhompawundi. Ifomula yemifuno eyongezelelweyo yesi sityalo (efana neti emnandi) ibonise iimpawu ezithile zonyango. Igqabi le-EU linomsebenzi ophezulu onxulumene ne-cortex, intyatyambo, kunye neziqhamo [2,3]. Amagqabi e-EU axelwe ukuba akhulise amandla amathambo kunye nezihlunu zomzimba [4], nto leyo ekhokelela kubomi obude nokukhuthaza ukuchuma ebantwini [5]. Ifomula yeti emnandi eyenziwe ngegqabi le-EU kuxelwe ukuba yehlisa ukutyeba kunye nokuphucula i-metabolism yamandla. Iikhompawundi zeFlavonoid (ezifana ne-rutin, i-chlorogenic acid, i-ferulic acid, kunye ne-caffeic acid) ziye zaxelwa ukuba zibonisa umsebenzi we-antioxidants kumagqabi e-EU [6].
Nangona kukho uncwadi olwaneleyo kwiipropathi ze-phytochemical ze-EU, zimbalwa izifundo kodwa zikhona kwiipropati ze-pharmacological ze-compounds ezahlukeneyo ezithathwe kumagxolo, imbewu, iziqu, kunye namagqabi e-EU. Eli phepha lokuphonononga liza kucacisa ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo ezikhutshwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo (amaxolo, imbewu, isiqu, kunye neqabunga) le-EU kunye nokusetyenziswa okuza kusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo kwiipropati zokukhuthaza impilo kunye nemigca yenzululwazi yobungqina kwaye ngaloo ndlela unikeze imathiriyeli yereferensi. ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kwe-EU.
-
I-oyile yeNdalo ecocekileyo yeHouttuynia cordata Houttuynia Cordata Oil Lchthamolum Oil
Kumazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo, ama-70-95% abantu baxhomekeke kumayeza esintu kukhathalelo lwempilo olusisiseko kwaye kula ma-85% abantu basebenzisa izityalo okanye izicatshulwa zabo njengento esebenzayo.1] Ukukhangela imixube emitsha esebenza ngokwebhayoloji evela kwizityalo idla ngokuxhomekeke kulwazi olukhethekileyo lobuhlanga kunye nolwabantu olufunyenwe kumagcisa asekuhlaleni kwaye isathathwa njengomthombo obalulekileyo wokufunyanwa kweziyobisi. E-Indiya, malunga nama-2000 amachiza avela kwizityalo.2] Ngenxa yomdla oxhaphakileyo wokusetyenziswa kwezityalo zonyango, uphononongo lwangokuHouttuynia cordataThunb. inikeza ulwazi lwangoku ngokubhekisele kwizifundo zebhotani, zorhwebo, ze-ethnopharmacological, phytochemical kunye ne-pharmacological ezivela kuncwadi.H. cordataThunb. yeyosaphoSaururaceaekwaye yaziwa ngokuba ngumsila wamacikilishe waseTshayina. Yimifuno engapheliyo ene-stoloniferous rhizome ene-chemotypes ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.3,4] I-chemotype yaseShayina yeentlobo ifumaneka kwiindawo zasendle kunye neemeko zasendle eMntla-mpuma ye-Indiya ukusuka ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba.5,6,7]H. cordataifumaneka eIndiya, ngakumbi kwintlambo yaseBrahmaputra yase-Assam kwaye isetyenziswa zizizwe ezahlukeneyo zase-Assam ngendlela yemifuno kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ngokwesiko.
-
I-100% iPureArctium lappa yoMenzi-oyile yeLime yendalo yeArctium lappa eneZiqinisekiso zoQinisekiso loMgangatho
IiNzuzo zeMpilo
Iingcambu zeBurdock zihlala zityiwa, kodwa, zingomiswa kwaye zifakwe kwiti. Isebenza kakuhle njengomthombo we-inulin, aprebioticifayibha encedisa ukwetyisa kunye nokuphucula impilo yamathumbu. Ukongeza, le ngcambu iqulethe i-flavonoids (izondlo zezityalo),iiphytochemicals, kunye ne-antioxidants eyaziwa ngokuba neenzuzo zempilo.
Ukongeza, ingcambu ye-burdock inokubonelela ngezinye izibonelelo ezinje:
Nciphisa ukudumba okungapheliyo Ingcambu yeBurdock iqulethe inani le-antioxidants, njenge-quercetin, i-phenolic acids, kunye ne-luteolin, enokukunceda ukukhusela iiseli zakhofree radicals. Ezi antioxidants zinceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kuwo wonke umzimba.
Iingozi zempilo
Ingcambu yeBurdock ithathwa njengekhuselekile ukuyidla okanye ukusela njengeti. Nangona kunjalo, esi sityalo sifana ngokusondeleyo nezityalo ze-belladonna nightshade, ezinetyhefu. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthenge kuphela ingcambu ye-burdock kubathengisi abathembekileyo kwaye uyeke ukuyiqokelela ngokwakho. Ukongezelela, kukho ulwazi oluncinci kwimiphumo yalo kubantwana okanye kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Thetha nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ingcambu ye-burdock kunye nabantwana okanye ukuba ukhulelwe.
Nazi ezinye iingozi zempilo ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa ingcambu ye-burdock:
Ukwandiswa kokungabikho kwamanzi emzimbeni
Ingcambu ye-Burdock isebenza njenge-diuretic yendalo, enokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi. Ukuba uthatha iipilisi zamanzi okanye ezinye i-diuretics, akufanele uthathe ingcambu ye-burdock. Ukuba usela la mayeza, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele amanye amayeza, imifuno, kunye nezithako ezinokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi emzimbeni.
I-Alergic Reaction
Ukuba unovelwano okanye unembali yokuchasana nomzimba kwi-daisies, i-ragweed, okanye i-chrysanthemums, usemngciphekweni owongeziweyo wokungaphenduli kwingcambu ye-burdock.
-
Ihoyilesi yexabiso elikhulu 100% Pure AsariRadix Et Rhizoma oil Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Izifundo zezilwanyana kunye ne-in vitro ziye zaphanda i-antifungal, i-anti-inflammatory, kunye nemiphumo ye-cardiovascular ye-sassafras kunye namacandelo ayo. Nangona kunjalo, izilingo zeklinikhi zinqongophele, kwaye i-sassafras ayithathwa njengekhuselekile ekusebenziseni. I-Safrole, eyona nto iphambili ye-sassafras i-root bark kunye neoli, ivaliwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa njenge-flavoring okanye i-fragrance, kwaye akufanele isetyenziswe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, njengoko inokuthi i-carcinogenic. I-Safrole isetyenziswe kwimveliso engekho mthethweni ye-3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), eyaziwa nangokuthi amagama ezitalato "i-ecstasy" okanye "i-Molly," kunye nokuthengiswa kweoli ye-safrole kunye ne-sassafras ihlolwe yi-US Drug Enforcement Administration.
-
Ihoyile eninzi ixabiso 100% iPure Stellariae Radix yeoli ebalulekileyo (entsha) Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
I-Pharmacopoeia yaseTshayina (i-2020 edition) idinga ukuba isicatshulwa se-methanol se-YCH akufanele sibe ngaphantsi kwe-20.0% [2], kungekho ezinye izalathisi zovavanyo lomgangatho ezichaziweyo. Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba imixholo yeesampulu zemethanol zasendle kunye neesampulu ezilinywayo zombini zidibana nomgangatho we-pharmacopoeia, kwaye akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwabo. Ke ngoko, kwakungekho mahluko womgangatho obonakalayo phakathi kweesampulu zasendle kunye nezilinywayo, ngokweso salathisi. Nangona kunjalo, imixholo ye-sterols iyonke kunye ne-flavonoids iyonke kwiisampuli zasendle zaziphezulu kakhulu kunezo kwiisampuli ezilinywayo. Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lwe-metabolomic lubonise iyantlukwano eninzi ye-metabolite phakathi kwesampulu zasendle kunye nezilinyiweyo. Ukongeza, i-97 ye-metabolites eyahlukileyo kakhulu yahlolwa ngaphandle, edweliswe kwiITheyibhile eyoNgezelelweyo S2. Phakathi kwezi metabolites ezihluke kakhulu zi-β-sitosterol (i-ID yi-M397T42) kunye ne-quercetin derivatives (M447T204_2), eziye zabikwa njengezithako ezisebenzayo. Amacandelo angaxelwanga ngaphambili, afana ne-trigonelline (M138T291_2), i-betaine (M118T277_2), i-fustin (M269T36), i-rotenone (M241T189), i-arctiin (M557T165) kunye ne-loganic acid (M399T284) i-metabotes edibeneyo. La malungu adlala iindima ezahlukeneyo kwi-anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, scavening free radicals, anti-cancer kunye nokunyanga i-atherosclerosis kwaye, ngenxa yoko, inokwenza inoveli esebenzayo yezinto ezisebenzayo kwi-YCH. Umxholo wezithako ezisebenzayo umisela ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wezinto zonyango [7]. Isishwankathelo, isicatshulwa se-methanol njengeyona nto kuphela isalathisi sokuvavanya umgangatho we-YCH inemida ethile, kwaye iimpawu ezingaphezulu zomgangatho kufuneka zihlolwe ngakumbi. Kwakukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwi-sterols epheleleyo, i-flavonoids iyonke kunye nemixholo yezinye ezininzi ze-metabolites ezihlukeneyo phakathi kwe-YCH yasendle kunye neyokulima; ke, bekukho umahluko onokubakho womgangatho phakathi kwabo. Kwangaxeshanye, izithako ezisebenzayo ezisanda kufunyanwa kwi-YCH zinokuba nexabiso elibalulekileyo lereferensi kuphononongo lwesiseko esisebenzayo se-YCH kunye nophuhliso olongezelelweyo lwezixhobo ze-YCH.
Ukubaluleka kwezixhobo zonyango lokwenyani kudala kwaqatshelwa kwingingqi ethile yemvelaphi yokuvelisa amayeza esintu aseTshayina akumgangatho obalaseleyo [8]. Umgangatho ophezulu luphawu oluyimfuneko lwemathiriyeli yokwenene yamayeza, kwaye indawo yokuhlala yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela umgangatho wezinto ezinjalo. Oko i-YCH yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengeyeza, kudala ilawulwa yi-YCH yasendle. Ukulandela ukwaziswa okuyimpumelelo kunye nokufuywa ekhaya kwe-YCH e-Ningxia ngeminyaka yee-1980, umthombo wezinto zonyango ze-Yinchaihu ngokuthe ngcembe wasuka endle ukuya kwi-YCH elimiweyo. Ngokophando lwangaphambili kwimithombo ye-YCH [9] kunye nophando lwentsimi yeqela lethu lophando, kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwiindawo zokusasazwa kwezinto eziye zalinywa kunye nezasendle. I-YCH yasendle isasazwa kakhulu kwiNgingqi ye-Ningxia Hui Autonomous yePhondo laseShaanxi, kufuphi nendawo eyomileyo ye-Inner Mongolia kunye ne-Ningxia ephakathi. Ngokukodwa, i-steppe yasentlango kwezi ndawo yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokukhula kwe-YCH. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-YCH elinywayo isasazwa kakhulu kumzantsi wendawo yokusabalalisa zasendle, njenge-Tongxin County (I-Cultivated I) kunye neendawo ezizungezile, eziye zaba yeyona ndawo inkulu yokulima kunye nemveliso e-China, kunye ne-Pengyang County (I-Cultivated II) , ekummandla osemazantsi ngakumbi kwaye ongomnye ummandla wokuvelisa iYCH elinywayo. Ngaphezu koko, iindawo zokuhlala kwezi ndawo zimbini zilinyiweyo azikho entlango. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwindlela yokuvelisa, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwindawo yokuhlala yasendle kunye ne-YCH elimiweyo. Indawo yokuhlala yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela umgangatho wezinto zonyango lwezityalo. Iindawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo ziyakuchaphazela ukubunjwa kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-metabolites yesibini kwizityalo, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela umgangatho weemveliso zonyango [10,11]. Ngoko ke, ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwimixholo ye-flavonoids epheleleyo kunye ne-sterols iyonke kunye nokubonakaliswa kwee-metabolites ze-53 esizifumene kolu cwaningo lunokuba ngumphumo wokulawulwa kwentsimi kunye nokungafani kwendawo yokuhlala.Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokuba okusingqongileyo kuphembelele umgangatho wezinto zonyango kukwenza uxinzelelo kwimithombo yezityalo. Uxinzelelo oluphakathi kokusingqongileyo luthanda ukuvuselela ukuqokelelwa kweemetabolites yesibini [12,13]. I-hypothesis yokukhula / yokwahlukana ichaza ukuba, xa izondlo zifumaneka ngokwaneleyo, izityalo zikhula ngokuyintloko, kanti xa izondlo zinqongophele, izityalo ziyahlula kwaye zivelise i-metabolites yesibini.14]. Uxinzelelo lwembalela olubangelwa kukunqongophala kwamanzi lolona xinzelelo lwemekobume olujongene nezityalo kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu. Kolu phononongo, imeko yamanzi ye-YCH elinywayo ininzi kakhulu, kunye namanqanaba emvula yonyaka aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo e-YCH yasendle (unikezelo lwamanzi lwe-Cultivated I malunga ne-2 amaxesha e-Wild; I-cultivated II yayimalunga namaxesha e-3.5 ye-Wild ). Ukongeza, umhlaba okwindawo yasendle ngumhlaba onesanti, kodwa umhlaba wokulima ngumhlaba wodongwe. Xa kuthelekiswa nodongwe, umhlaba oyintlabathi awunawo amandla okugcina amanzi kwaye usenokwandisa uxinzelelo lwembalela. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokulima yayidla ngokukhatshwa kukunkcenkceshelwa, ngoko umlinganiselo wembalela wawuphantsi. I-Wild YCH ikhula kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinqabileyo zendalo, kwaye ngenxa yoko inokuba noxinzelelo olukhulu lwembalela.I-Osmoregulation yindlela ebalulekileyo ye-physiological apho izityalo zijamelana noxinzelelo lwembalela, kunye ne-alkaloids zibalulekile zokulawula i-osmotic kwizityalo eziphezulu.15]. I-Betaines ziikhompawundi ze-alkaloid ze-quaternary ammonium ezinyibilikayo emanzini kwaye zinokusebenza njenge-osmoprotectants. Uxinzelelo lwembalela lunokunciphisa amandla e-osmotic yeeseli, ngelixa i-osmoprotectants igcina kwaye igcina isakhiwo kunye nokunyaniseka kwe-biological macromolecules, kunye nokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo obangelwa uxinzelelo lwembalela kwizityalo [16]. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi koxinzelelo lwembalela, umxholo we-betaine we-sugar beet kunye ne-Lycium barbarum yanda kakhulu [17,18]. I-Trigonelline ngumlawuli wokukhula kweeseli, kwaye phantsi koxinzelelo lwembalela, inokwandisa ubude bomjikelezo weseli yesityalo, inqanda ukukhula kweeseli kwaye ikhokelele ekunciphiseni umthamo weseli. Ukonyuka okuhambelana nokugxininiswa kwe-solute kwiseli kwenza ukuba isityalo siphumelele ukulawulwa kwe-osmotic kunye nokwandisa amandla aso okuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwembalela [19]. JIA X [20] yafumanisa ukuba, ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwembalela, i-Astragalus membranaceus (umthombo wamayeza endabuko aseTshayina) ivelise i-trigonelline eninzi, eyenza ukulawula amandla e-osmotic kunye nokuphucula amandla okumelana noxinzelelo lwembalela. I-Flavonoids nayo ibonakaliswe ukuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhathiseni izityalo kuxinzelelo lwembalela [21,22]. Inani elikhulu lezifundo liqinisekisile ukuba uxinzelelo lwembalela oluphakathi lwalunceda ekuqokeleleni kwe-flavonoids. ULang Duo-Yong et al. [23] kuthelekisa imiphumo yoxinzelelo lwembalela kwi-YCH ngokulawula umthamo wokubamba amanzi kwintsimi. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba uxinzelelo lwesomiso luthintele ukukhula kweengcambu kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa kuxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye nolunzima lwesomiso (i-40% yamandla okugcina amanzi entsimi), umxholo we-flavonoid opheleleyo kwi-YCH wanda. Okwangoku, phantsi koxinzelelo lwembalela, i-phytosterols inokusebenza ukulawula ukunyibilika kwe-cell membrane kunye nokungena, inqanda ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo [24,25]. Ke ngoko, ukonyuka kwengqokelela ye-flavonoids iyonke, i-sterols iyonke, i-betaine, i-trigonelline kunye nezinye ii-metabolites zesibini kwi-YCH yasendle inokunxulumana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwembalela.Kolu phononongo, uhlalutyo lwendlela ye-KEGG yokutyebisa lwenziwa kwi-metabolites efunyenwe yahluke kakhulu phakathi kwe-YCH yasendle kunye ne-YCH. I-metabolites ephuculweyo yayiquka abo babandakanyekayo kwiindlela ze-ascorbate kunye ne-aldarate metabolism, i-aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, i-histidine metabolism kunye ne-beta-alanine metabolism. Ezi ndlela zemetabolism zihambelana ngokusondeleyo neendlela zokumelana noxinzelelo lwezityalo. Phakathi kwabo, i-ascorbate metabolism idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-antioxidant yezityalo, i-carbon kunye ne-nitrogen metabolism, ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye neminye imisebenzi yomzimba.26]; i-aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwenza iprotheni [27,28], ebandakanyeka ekudityanisweni kweeproteni ezikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo. Zombini iindlela ze-histidine kunye ne-β-alanine zinokunyusa ukunyamezela kwezityalo kuxinzelelo lwendalo [29,30]. Oku kubonisa ngakumbi ukuba ukungafani kwe-metabolites phakathi kwe-YCH yasendle kunye neyokulima yayinxulumene ngokusondeleyo neenkqubo zokumelana noxinzelelo.Umhlaba sisiseko sezinto zokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo zonyango. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) kunye ne potassium (K) emhlabeni zizinto ezibalulekileyo zezondlo zokukhula nophuhliso lwezityalo. Izinto eziphilayo zomhlaba nazo ziqulethe i-N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Mg kunye nezinye ii-macroelements kunye ne-trace elements ezifunekayo kwizityalo zonyango. Izondlo ezigqithisileyo okanye ezinqongopheleyo, okanye imilinganiselo yezondlo ezingalungelelananga, ziya kuchaphazela ukukhula kunye nophuhliso kunye nomgangatho wezinto zonyango, kunye nezityalo ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezondlo [31,32,33]. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-N lukhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kwe-alkaloids kwi-Isatis indigotica, kwaye kwaba luncedo ekuqokeleleni i-flavonoids kwizityalo ezifana neTetrastigma hemsleyanum, iCrataegus pinnatifida Bunge kunye ne-Dichondra repens Forst. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-N eninzi ithintele ukuqokelelana kwe-flavonoids kwiintlobo ezifana ne-Erigeron breviscapus, i-Abrus canntoniensis kunye ne-Ginkgo biloba, kwaye yachaphazela umgangatho wezinto zonyango [34]. Ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi se-P kwakusebenzayo ekwandiseni umxholo we-glycyrrhizic acid kunye ne-dihydroacetone kwi-Ural licorice [35]. Xa inani lesicelo lidlula i-0·12 kg·m−2, umxholo we-flavonoid uwonke eTussilago farfara wehla [36]. Ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso se-P kwaba nefuthe elibi kumxholo we-polysaccharides kwiyeza lemveli laseTshayina i-rhizoma polygonati [37], kodwa isichumiso se-K sasisebenza kakuhle ekwandiseni umxholo wesaponins [38]. Ukufaka isichumiso esingama-450 kg·hm−2 K yeyona nto ilungileyo ekukhuleni nasekuqokeleleni i-saponin ye-Panax notoginseng eneminyaka emibini ubudala [39]. Ngaphantsi komlinganiselo we-N: P: K = 2: 2: 1, inani elipheleleyo le-hydrothermal extract, i-harpagide kunye ne-harpagoside yayiphezulu [40]. Umlinganiselo ophezulu we-N, P kunye no-K waba luncedo ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwe-Pogostemon cablin kunye nokwandisa umxholo weoli eguqukayo. Umlinganiselo ophantsi we-N, P kunye no-K unyuse umxholo weyona nxalenye isebenzayo ye-Pogostemon cablin stem oil leaf [41]. I-YCH isityalo esingenakukwazi ukunyamezela umhlaba, kwaye sinokuba neemfuno ezithile zezondlo ezifana ne-N, P kunye ne-K. Kolu phononongo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-YCH ehlakulwayo, umhlaba wezityalo ze-YCH zasendle wawunenkqantosi: iziqulatho zomhlaba yezinto eziphilayo, i-N, iyonke i-P kunye ne-K iyonke yayimalunga ne-1/10, 1/2, 1/3 kunye ne-1/3 yezityalo ezilinywayo, ngokulandelelanayo. Ke ngoko, umahluko kwizondlo zomhlaba unokuba sesinye isizathu somahluko phakathi kwe-metabolites efunyenwe kwi-YCH elinyiweyo kunye neyasendle. Weibao Ma et al. [42] yafumanisa ukuba ukufakwa kwesixa esithile sesichumiso se-N nesichumiso se-P kusiphucule kakhulu isivuno nomgangatho wembewu. Nangona kunjalo, umphumo wezakhi zondlo kumgangatho we-YCH awucacanga, kwaye amanyathelo okuchumisa ukuphucula umgangatho wezinto zonyango kufuneka ufundwe ngakumbi.Amayeza esintu aseTshayina aneempawu "Iindawo zokuhlala ezithandekayo zikhuthaza isivuno, kwaye iindawo zokuhlala ezingafanelekanga ziphucula umgangatho" [43]. Kwinkqubo yokutshintsha kancinci ukusuka endle ukuya kwi-YCH elinywayo, indawo yokuhlala yezityalo yatshintsha ukusuka kwindawo eyinkqantosi kunye nentlango eyinkqantosi ukuya kumhlaba wokulima ochumileyo onamanzi amaninzi. Indawo yokuhlala yeYCH elinywayo iphezulu kwaye isivuno siphezulu, nto leyo eluncedo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike. Nangona kunjalo, le ndawo yokuhlala iphezulu ibangele utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwi-metabolites ye-YCH; ingaba oku kukulungele ukuphucula umgangatho we-YCH kunye nendlela yokufikelela kwimveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu we-YCH ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo okulima asekelwe kwisayensi kuya kufuna uphando olongezelelweyo.Ukulima okulinganayo kwendawo yokuhlala yindlela yokulinganisa indawo yokuhlala kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zezityalo zamayeza asendle, ngokusekelwe kulwazi lokulungelelaniswa kwexesha elide lezityalo kuxinzelelo oluthile lokusingqongileyo [43]. Ngokulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela izityalo zasendle, ngakumbi indawo yokuhlala yokuqala yezityalo ezisetyenziswa njengemithombo yezinto eziyinyani zonyango, le ndlela isebenzisa uyilo lwezenzululwazi kunye nokungenelela kwabantu okutsha ukulinganisa ukukhula kunye nemetabolism yesibini yezityalo zamayeza aseTshayina [43]. Iindlela zijolise ekufezekiseni amalungiselelo afanelekileyo okuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphezulu zonyango. Ukulima okulinganayo kwendawo yokuhlala kufuneka kubonelele ngendlela esebenzayo yomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso ye-YCH naxa isiseko se-pharmacodynamic, iimpawu zomgangatho kunye neendlela zokuphendula kwizinto zokusingqongileyo zingacacanga. Ngokunjalo, sicebisa ukuba uyilo lwezenzululwazi kunye namanyathelo olawulo lwentsimi ekulimeni nasekuveliseni i-YCH kufuneka iqhutywe ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zokusingqongileyo ze-YCH zasendle, ezifana neemeko zomhlaba owomileyo, ongenanto kunye nesanti. Kwangaxeshanye, kukwanethemba lokuba abaphandi baya kuqhuba uphando olunzulu ngakumbi kwisiseko sezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nabamakishi bekhwalithi yeYCH. Ezi zifundo zinokubonelela ngeendlela zokuvavanya ezisebenzayo ngakumbi ze-YCH, kwaye zikhuthaze imveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini. -
Ioli ye-Herbal Fructus Amomi massage yendalo I-Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Ioyile ebalulekileyo
Usapho lweZingiberaceae luye lwatsala umdla okhulayo kuphando lwe-alelopathic ngenxa yeoyile etyebileyo eguqukayo kunye nokuvumba kweentlobo zelungu layo. Uphando lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba imichiza evela kwiCurcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] kunye noZingiber officinale Rosc. [42] yosapho lwejinja ineziphumo zealelopathic ekuntshuleni kwembewu kunye nokukhula kwezithole zombona, iletisi kunye netumata. Uphononongo lwethu lwangoku luyingxelo yokuqala malunga nomsebenzi we-alelopathic we-volatiles ukusuka kwiziqu, amaqabunga, kunye neziqhamo ezincinci ze-A. villosum (ilungu lentsapho yaseZingiberaceae). Imveliso ye-oyile yezikhondo, amagqabi, kunye neziqhamo eziselula zibe yi-0.15%, 0.40%, kunye ne-0.50%, ngokulandelelana, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iziqhamo zivelise ubuninzi be-oyile eziguquguqukayo kuneziqu kunye namagqabi. Iinqununu eziphambili zeoli eziguquguqukayo ezivela kwiziqu zaziyi-β-pinene, β-phellandrene kunye ne-α-pinene, eyayingumzekelo ofana naleyo yeekhemikhali ezinkulu zeoli yeqabunga, i-β-pinene kunye ne-α-pinene (i-monoterpene hydrocarbons). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ioli kwiziqhamo ezincinci zazityebile kwi-bornyl acetate kunye ne-camphor (i-oxygenated monoterpenes). Iziphumo zaxhaswa ziziphumo zeDo N Dai [30,32] kunye noHui Ao [31] owayechonge iioli ezivela kumalungu ahlukeneyo e-A. villosum.
Kukho iingxelo ezininzi malunga nemisebenzi yokuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo kwezi zikhompawundi eziphambili kwezinye iintlobo. U-Shalinder Kaur ufumanise ukuba i-α-pinene esuka kwi-eucalyptus icinezele ngokucacileyo ubude beengcambu kunye nobude behlumelo le-Amaranthus viridis L. kwi-1.0 μL yoxinzelelo [43], kunye nolunye uphando lubonise ukuba i-α-pinene inqanda ukukhula kweengcambu kwangaphambili kwaye yabangela umonakalo we-oxidative kwiingcambu zeengcambu ngokunyuka kwesizukulwana se-oksijeni esebenzayo [44]. Ezinye iingxelo ziye zaxoxa ukuba i-β-pinene inqanda ukuntshula kunye nokukhula kwezithole zovavanyo lokhula ngendlela yokuphendula exhomekeke kwidosi ngokuphazamisa ingqibelelo yenwebu [45], ukuguqula i-biochemistry yesityalo kunye nokuphucula imisebenzi ye-peroxidases kunye ne-polyphenol oxidases [46]. I-β-Phellandrene ibonise inhibition ephezulu yokuhluma kunye nokukhula kweVigna unguiculata (L.) Walp ekugxininiseni kwe-600 ppm [47], kanti, kwi-concentration ye-250 mg / m3, i-camphor icinezele i-radicle kunye nokukhula kwehlumela le-Lepidium sativum L. [48]. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olunika ingxelo ngempembelelo ye-alelopathic ye-bornyl acetate luncinci. Kuphononongo lwethu, iziphumo ze-alelopathic ze-β-pinene, i-bornyl acetate kunye ne-camphor kubude beengcambu zazibuthathaka kuneoli eguqukayo ngaphandle kwe-α-pinene, ngelixa i-oyile yegqabi, ecebileyo kwi-α-pinene, nayo yayine-phytotoxic ngaphezu kwe-volatile ehambelana nayo. i-oyile ezisuka kwiziqu kunye neziqhamo ze-A. villosum, zombini iziphumo ezibonisa ukuba i-α-pinene inokuba yimichiza ebalulekileyo ye-alelopathy ngolu hlobo. Kwangaxeshanye, iziphumo zikwachaza ukuba ezinye iikhompawundi kwi-oyile yeziqhamo ebezingekho ninzi zinokuba negalelo kwimveliso yesiphumo se-phytotoxic, ukufunyaniswa okudinga uphando olongezelelweyo kwixesha elizayo.Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umphumo we-alelopathic we-alllopathics yintlobo-specific. Jiang et al. yafumanisa ukuba ioli eyimfuneko eveliswe ngu-Artemisia sieversiana yenza impembelelo enamandla kakhulu kwi-Amaranthus retroflexus L. kune-Medicago sativa L., i-Poa annua L., kunye ne-Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Kolunye uphononongo, ioli eguquguqukayo yeLavandula angustifolia Mill. ivelise amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eziphumo zephytotoxic kwiintlobo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Lolium multiflorum Lam. yayiyeyona ntlobo yamkelekileyo enovakalelo, i-hypocotyl kunye nokukhula kwe-radicle kuthintelwe yi-87.8% kunye ne-76.7%, ngokulandelelanayo, kwidosi ye-oyile eyi-1 μL/mL, kodwa ukukhula kwe-hypocotyl yezithole zecucumber akuzange kuchaphazeleke [20]. Iziphumo zethu ziphinde zabonisa ukuba kukho umahluko kwi-sensitivity kwi-A. villosum volatiles phakathi kwe-L. sativa kunye ne-L. perenne.Iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo kunye neeoli eziyimfuneko zohlobo olufanayo zinokuhluka ngokobungakanani kunye / okanye ngokomgangatho ngenxa yeemeko zokukhula, iindawo zezityalo kunye neendlela zokufumanisa. Ngokomzekelo, ingxelo ibonise ukuba i-pyranoid (i-10.3%) kunye ne-β-caryophyllene (i-6.6%) yayiyi-compounds enkulu ye-volatiles ephuma kumagqabi e-Sambucus nigra, kanti benzaldehyde (17.8%), i-α-bulnesene (16.6%) kunye ne-tetracosane (11.5%) zazininzi kwii-oyile ezithathwe emagqabini [50]. Kuphononongo lwethu, iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ezikhutshwe zixhobo ezitsha zezityalo zineempembelelo ezinamandla ze-alelopathic kwizityalo zokuvavanya kuneoli ekhutshiweyo edibeneyo, ukungafani kwempendulo kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokungafani kwimichiza ye-alllopathic ekhoyo kumalungiselelo amabini. Umahluko ochanekileyo phakathi kweekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo kunye neeoli kufuneka ziphandwe ngakumbi kwiimvavanyo ezilandelayo.Umahluko kwiyantlukwano yemicrobial kunye nolwakhiwo loluntu lwemicrobial kwisampulu zomhlaba apho ioyile eguquguqukayo yongeziweyo yayinxulumene nokhuphiswano phakathi kwemicroorganisms kunye nazo naziphi na iziphumo eziyityhefu kunye nobude bexesha le-oyile eguquguqukayo emhlabeni. IVokou kunye neLiotiri51] yafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-oyile ezine ezibalulekileyo (0.1 mL) kumhlaba olinyiweyo (150 g) ukuphefumla okusebenzayo kweesampulu zomhlaba, nkqu nee-oyile zahlukile kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, okucebisa ukuba i-oyile yesityalo isetyenziswa njengekhabhoni kunye nomthombo wamandla ngo iimicroorganisms ezenzekayo emhlabeni. Idatha efunyenwe kuphononongo lwangoku iqinisekisile ukuba i-oyile evela kwisityalo sonke se-A. villosum ibe negalelo ekwandeni okucacileyo kwenani leentlobo zefungal zomhlaba ngomhla we-14 emva kokufakwa kweoyile, ebonisa ukuba ioyile inokubonelela ngomthombo wekhabhoni ngakumbi. umhlaba umngundo. Olunye uphononongo luchaze into efunyenweyo: ii-microorganisms zomhlaba zafumana umsebenzi wazo wokuqala kunye ne-biomass emva kwexesha lexeshana lokutshintsha okubangelwa ukongezwa kweoli ye-Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), kodwa i-oyile kwidosi ephezulu (0.93 µL ioli ngegrama yomhlaba) akazange avumele iintsholongwane zomhlaba ukuba ziphinde zifumane umsebenzi wokuqala [52]. Kuphononongo lwangoku, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwe-microbiological yomhlaba emva kokunyangwa ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo kunye nokugxila, sicinge ukuba uluntu lwebhaktiriya yomhlaba luya kubuya emva kweentsuku ezingaphezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-microbiota yefungal ayikwazi ukubuyela kwimeko yayo yangaphambili. Ezi ziphumo zilandelayo ziqinisekisa le ngqikelelo: isiphumo esahlukileyo sokugxilwa okuphezulu kwe-oyile ekubunjweni kwe-microbiome yefungal yomhlaba yatyhilwa luhlalutyo oluphambili lwe-co-ordinates (PCoA), kunye nomboniso we-heatmap waqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba ukubunjwa koluntu lokungunda komhlaba. iphathwe nge-oyile ye-3.0 mg/mL (oyile i-0.375 mg yeoli ngegram yomhlaba) kwinqanaba le-genus lahluke kakhulu kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Okwangoku, uphando malunga neziphumo zokongezwa kwe-monoterpene hydrocarbons okanye i-oksijini monoterpenes kwiyantlukwano ye-microbial yomhlaba kunye nolwakhiwo loluntu lusanqongophele. Izifundo ezimbalwa zichaze ukuba i-α-pinene yonyusa umsebenzi we-microbial yomhlaba kunye nobuninzi obunxulumene ne-Methylophilaceae (iqela le-methylotrophs, i-Proteobacteria) phantsi komxholo wokufuma ophantsi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo njengomthombo wekhabhoni kwimihlaba eyomileyo.53]. Ngokufanayo, ioli eguquguqukayo ye-A. villosum isityalo sonke, equlethe i-15.03% α-pinene (ITheyibhile eyoNgezelelweyo S1), ngokucacileyo kwandisa ubuninzi obunxulumene neProteobacteria kwi-1.5 mg / mL kunye ne-3.0 mg / mL, eyacebisa ukuba i-α-pinene inokuthi isebenze njengenye yemithombo yekhabhoni ye-microorganisms yomhlaba.Iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo eziveliswe ngamalungu ahlukeneyo e-A. villosum zinee-degrees ezahlukeneyo zeziphumo ze-alllopathic kwi-L. sativa kunye ne-L. perenne, eyayinxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-chemical constituents ukuba i-A. villosum plant parts equlethwe. Nangona ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zeoli eguquguqukayo kuqinisekisiwe, iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ezikhutshwe ngu-A. villosum kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo azikaziwa, ezifuna uphando olongezelelweyo. Ngaphezu koko, isiphumo se-synergistic phakathi kwee-alelochemicals ezahlukeneyo zikwafanele ukuqwalaselwa. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-microorganisms yomhlaba, ukuphonononga umphumo weoyile eguquguqukayo kwi-microorganisms yomhlaba ngokubanzi, kusafuneka siqhube uphando olunzulu: ukwandisa ixesha lokunyanga ioli eguquguqukayo kunye nokwahluka okubonakalayo kwimichiza yeoli eguqukayo emhlabeni. ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo. -
Ioyile ye-Artemisia capillaris esulungekileyo yekhandlela kunye nesepha yenza i-oyile ethengisayo idiffuser ebalulekileyo entsha kwizitshisi zeengcongolo.
Uyilo lwemodeli yempuku
Izilwanyana zahlulwa ngokungenamkhethe zangamaqela amahlanu aneshumi elinesihlanu ngalinye. Iqela lolawulo kunye neempuku zeqela lemodeli zaye zagatywaioli yesesameiintsuku ezi-6. Iigundane zeqela elilungileyo zahluthwa kunye neepilisi ze-bifendate (BT, 10 mg / kg) kwiintsuku ze-6. Amaqela okulinga aphathwa nge-100 mg / kg kunye ne-50 mg / kg i-AEO echithwe kwioli yeesame kwiintsuku ze-6. Ngomhla we-6, iqela lokulawula liphathwe ngeoli yeesame, kwaye onke amanye amaqela aphathwa ngedosi enye ye-0.2% CCl4 kwioli yeesame (10 ml / kg) ngo.inaliti ye-intraperitoneal. Emva koko iigundane zazizila ngaphandle kwamanzi, kwaye iisampuli zegazi zaqokelelwa kwiinqanawa ze-retrobulbar; igazi eliqokelelweyo laliyi-centrifuged kwi-3000 ×gkuba 10 min ukwahlula serum.Ukukhutshwa komlomo wesibelekokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokurhoxiswa kwegazi, kwaye iisampulu zesibindi zasuswa ngokukhawuleza. Enye inxalenye yesampulu yesibindi yagcinwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-−20 °C de uhlalutyo, kwaye enye inxalenye yahlanjululwa kwaye yalungiswa kwi-10%formalinisisombululo; izihlunu eziseleyo zagcinwa ku-−80 °C ukuze kuhlalutywe i-histopathological (Wang et al., 2008,Hsu et al., 2009,Nie et al., 2015).
Umlinganiselo weparameters biochemicals kwiserum
Ukulimala kwesibindi kwavavanywa ngokuqikelelaimisebenzi enzymaticye-serum ALT kunye ne-AST usebenzisa iikiti zorhwebo ezihambelanayo ngokwemiyalelo yeekiti (Nanjing, kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, eChina). Imisebenzi ye-enzymatic yachazwa njengeeyunithi kwilitha nganye (U/l).
Umlinganiselo we-MDA, SOD, GSH kunye ne-GSH-Pxkwi-homogenates yesibindi
Izicubu zesibindi zenziwe nge-homogenized kunye ne-saline ye-physiological ebandayo kwi-1: umlinganiselo we-9 (w / v, isibindi: i-saline). I-homogenates yayiyi-centrifuged (2500 ×gkwimizuzu eyi-10) ukuqokelela amandla amakhulu ukuze kumiselwe okulandelayo. Ukulimala kwesibindi kwavavanywa ngokwemilinganiselo ye-hepatic ye-MDA kunye ne-GSH amanqanaba kunye ne-SOD kunye ne-GSH-Pximisebenzi. Zonke ezi zimiselwe ngokulandela imiyalelo ekwikhithi (eNanjing, kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, eTshayina). Iziphumo ze-MDA kunye ne-GSH zichazwe njenge-nmol ngeprotheyini ye-mg (nmol / mg prot), kunye nemisebenzi ye-SOD kunye ne-GSH-Pxzavezwa njenge-U per mg protein (U/mg prot).
Uhlalutyo lwe-Histopathological
Izahlulo zesibindi esandula ukufunyanwa zilungisiwe kwi-10% ye-bufferedparaformaldehydeisisombululo sephosphate. Isampulu emva koko ifakwe kwiparafini, yasikwa ibe ngamacandelo angama-3-5 μm, adyojwe nge.hematoxylinkwayeeosin(H&E) ngokwenkqubo eqhelekileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ihlalutywe nguimicroscope elula(UTian et al., ngo-2012).
Uhlalutyo lwamanani
Iziphumo zachazwa njengentsingiselo ± ukutenxa okusemgangathweni (SD). Iziphumo zahlalutywa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yamanani-nkcazo SPSS Statistics, version 19.0. Idatha yayiphantsi kohlalutyo lokungafani (ANOVA,p< 0.05) elandelwa luvavanyo lukaDunnett kunye novavanyo lweT3 lukaDunnett ukumisela umahluko obalulekileyo ngokweenkcukacha-manani phakathi kwexabiso lamaqela ahlukeneyo ovavanyo. Umahluko obalulekileyo waqwalaselwa kwinqanabap< 0.05.
Iziphumo neengxoxo
Amalungu e-AEO
Ekuhlalutyweni kweGC / MS, i-AEO ifunyenwe iqulethe i-25 ekhutshwe kwi-10 ukuya kwi-35 min, kwaye i-21 i-accounting ye-84% yeoli efunekayo ichongiwe.Uluhlu loku-1). Ioli eguquguqukayo equlethwemonoterpenoids(80.9%), i-sesquiterpenoids (9.5%), i-saturated unbranched hydrocarbons (4.86%) kunye ne-miscellaneous acetylene (4.86%). Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izifundo (Guo et al., 2004), sifumene i-monoterpenoids eninzi (80.90%) kwi-AEO. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba eyona ndawo ininzi ye-AEO yi-β-citronellol (16.23%). Amanye amacandelo amakhulu e-AEO aquka i-1,8-cineole (13.9%),i-camphor(12.59%),linalool(11.33%), α-pinene (7.21%), β-pinene (3.99%),thymol(3.22%), kunyemyrcene(2.02%). Ukwahluka kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunokunxulunyaniswa neemeko zokusingqongileyo eso sityalo sichatshazelwe kuso, njengamanzi amaminerali, ukukhanya kwelanga, inqanaba lophuhliso kunyeisondlo.
-
I-oyile ye-Saposhnikovia ecocekileyo ye-divaricata yekhandlela kunye nesepha yenza i-oyile ethengisayo idiffuser ebalulekileyo entsha kwizitshisi zeengcongolo.
2.1. Ukulungiswa kwe-SDE
I-rhizomes ye-SD yathengwa njengemifuno eyomileyo evela ku-Hanherb Co. (Guri, Korea). Izixhobo zezityalo zaqinisekiswa nge-taxonomically nguDkt. Go-Ya Choi weKorea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM). Isampuli yevawutsha (inombolo ye-2014 SDE-6) yafakwa kwi-Korean Herbarium ye-Standard Herbal Resources. I-rhizomes eyomileyo ye-SD (320 g) ikhutshwe kabini kunye ne-70% ye-ethanol (nge-2 h reflux) kwaye isicatshulwa sabe sigxininiswe phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo. I-decoction yahluzwa, i-lyophilized, kwaye igcinwe kwi-4 ° C. Isivuno sesicatshulwa esomileyo kwimathiriyeli yokuqala ekrwada yaba ngama-48.13% (w/w).
2.2. Uhlalutyo lwe-Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Uhlalutyo lweChromatographic lwenziwa ngenkqubo ye-HPLC (Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA) kunye ne-photodiode array detector. Kuhlalutyo lwe-HPLC ye-SDE, i-prim-OUmgangatho weglucosylcimifugin wathengwa kwiZiko laseKorea lokuKhuthaza iZiko loShishino loNyango lweSintu (Gyeongsan, Korea), kunyeumzuzwana-O-glucosylhamaudol kunye ne-4′-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-i-methylvisamminol yayiye yodwa ngaphakathi kwibhubhoratri yethu kwaye ichongiwe ngokuhlalutya kwe-spectral, ngokuyinhloko yi-NMR kunye ne-MS.
Iisampuli ze-SDE (0.1 mg) zachithwa kwi-70% ethanol (10 mL). Ukwahlulwa kweChromatographic kwenziwa ngekholamu ye-XSelect HSS T3 C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5μm, Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA). Isigaba esihambahambayo sasiquka i-acetonitrile (A) kunye ne-0.1% i-acetic acid emanzini (B) kwinqanaba lokuhamba kwe-1.0 mL / min. Inkqubo yokuthambeka kwamanyathelo amaninzi isetyenziswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 5% A (0 imiz), 5–20% A (0–10 min), 20% A (10–23 min), kunye 20–65% A (23–40 min. ). I-wavelength yokufumanisa ihlolwe kwi-210-400 nm kwaye irekhodwe kwi-254 nm. Umthamo wokutofa wawuyi-10.0μIzisombululo ezisemgangathweni ze-L. zokumiselwa kweechromones ezintathu zalungiswa kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-7.781 mg / mL (prim-O-glucosylcimifugin), 31.125 mg/mL (4′-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol), kunye ne-31.125 mg / mL (umzuzwana-O-glucosylhamaudol) kwi-methanol kwaye igcinwe kwi-4 ° C.
2.3. Uvavanyo lwe-Anti-Inflammatory ActivityI-In vitro
2.3.1. Inkcubeko yeSeli kunye noNyango lweSampuli
Iiseli ze-RAW ze-264.7 zifunyenwe kwi-American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) kwaye ikhulile kwi-DMEM medium equkethe i-1% ye-antibiotics kunye ne-5.5% ye-FBS. Iiseli zafukanywa kwi-atmosfera efumileyo ye-5% CO2 kuma-37°C. Ukuvuselela iiseli, i-medium yatshintshwa nge-DMEM entsha, kunye ne-lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) kwi-1μI-g/mL yongezwa xa kukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-SDE (200 okanye i-400μg/mL) ukongeza i-24 h.
2.3.2. Ukumiselwa kweNitric oxide (NO), iProstaglandin E2 (PGE2), iTumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), kunye ne-Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Ukuveliswa
Iiseli zaphathwa nge-SDE kwaye zivuselelwe nge-LPS kwi-24 h. AKUKHO mveliso yahlalutywa ngokulinganisa i-nitrite usebenzisa i-reagent ye-Griess ngokwesifundo sangaphambili [12]. Imfihlo ye-cytokines evuthayo PGE2, TNF-α, kunye ne-IL-6 yagqitywa ngokusebenzisa i-ELISA kit (iinkqubo ze-R & D) ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi. Iziphumo ze-SDE kwi-NO kunye nokuveliswa kwe-cytokine zinqunywe kwi-540 nm okanye i-450 nm usebenzisa i-Wallac EnVision.™umfundi we-microplate (PerkinElmer).
2.4. Uvavanyo lwe-Antiosteoarthritis ActivityKwiVivo
2.4.1. Izilwanyana
Iigundane ze-Sprague-Dawley zamadoda (iiveki ezi-7 ubudala) zathengwa kwi-Samtako Inc. (Osan, Korea) kwaye zigcinwe phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo kunye nomjikelezo we-12-h ukukhanya / ubumnyama°C kunye% ukufuma. Iimpuku zanikwa ukutya kwaselabhoratri kunye namanzikunye ne-libitum. Zonke iinkqubo zovavanyo zenziwa ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo zeNational Institutes of Health (NIH) kwaye zivunyiwe yiKomiti yoLondolozo lweZilwanyana kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweYunivesithi yaseDaejeon (iDaejeon, iRiphabhliki yaseKorea).
2.4.2. Ukuqaliswa kwe-OA nge-MIA kwiimpuku
Izilwanyana zazingahleliwe kwaye zabelwa kumaqela onyango ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe isifundo (ngeqela ngalinye). Isisombululo se-MIA (3 mg/50μL ye-0.9% ye-saline) ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo ye-intra-articular yedolo lasekunene phantsi kwe-anesthesia eyenziwe ngomxube we-ketamine kunye ne-xylazine. Iigundane zahlulwe ngokungaqhelekanga zibe ngamaqela amane: (1) iqela le-saline elingenayo i-MIA injection, (2) iqela le-MIA kunye ne-MIA injection, (3) iqela eliphathwa nge-SDE (200 mg / kg) kunye ne-MIA injection, kunye (4) ) iqela le-indomethacin- (IM-) eliphathwayo (2 mg / kg) ngenaliti ye-MIA. Iigundane zilawulwa ngomlomo kunye ne-SDE kunye ne-IM 1 iveki ngaphambi kokujova kwe-MIA kwiiveki ze-4. Idosi ye-SDE kunye ne-IM esetyenziswe kwesi sifundo yayisekelwe kwabo baqeshwe kwizifundo zangaphambili [10,13,14].
2.4.3. Imilinganiselo ye-Hindpaw Weight-Bearing Distribution
Emva kokungeniswa kwe-OA, ibhalansi yokuqala kwi-weight-bearing capability of hindpaws yaphazamiseka. Umhloli we-incapacitance (i-Linton instrumentation, i-Norfolk, e-UK) yayisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya utshintsho lokunyamezela ubunzima. Iimpuku zazibekwe ngobunono kwigumbi lokulinganisa. Amandla okuthwala ubunzima okwenziwa lilungu elingasemva aye alinganiselwa kwisithuba se-3 s. Umlinganiselo wolwabiwo lobunzima ubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: [ubunzima kwilungu elingasemva lasekunene/(ubunzima kwilungu elingasemva lasekunene + ubunzima kwilungu elingasemva lasekhohlo)] × 100 [15].
2.4.4. Imilinganiselo yeSerum Cytokine Levels
Iisampuli zegazi zaziyi-centrifuged kwi-1,500 g ye-10 min kwi-4 ° C; emva koko i-serum iqokelelwe kwaye igcinwe ku-−70 ° C de isetyenziswe. Amanqanaba e-IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, kunye ne-PGE2 kwi-serum yalinganiswa ngokusebenzisa iikiti ze-ELISA ezivela kwii-R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
2.4.5. Uhlalutyo lwe-RT-PCR lweXesha lokwenyani
I-RNA iyonke ikhutshwe kwi-knee joint tissue isebenzisa i-TRI reagent® (i-Sigma-Aldrich, iSt. Louis, MO, eU.SA), iguqulelwe-iguqulelwe kwi-cDNA kunye ne-PCR-amplified usebenzisa i-TM One Step RT PCR kit kunye ne-SYBR eluhlaza (i-Applied Biosystems , Grand Island, NY, USA). I-PCR yexesha langempela le-quantitative quantitative kusetyenziswa i-Applied Biosystems 7500 ye-Real-Time PCR inkqubo (i-Applied Biosystems, i-Grand Island, i-NY, i-USA). Ulandelelwano lwe-primer kunye nolandelelwano lweprobe lubonisiwe kwiThebhile1. Ii-Aliquots zesampulu ye-cDNAs kunye nesixa esilinganayo se-GAPDH cDNA zandiswe ngomxube we-TaqMan® Universal PCR oqulethe i-DNA polymerase ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA, USA). Iimeko ze-PCR ziyi-2 min kwi-50 ° C, i-10 min kwi-94 ° C, i-15 s kwi-95 ° C, kunye ne-1 min kwi-60 ° C kwi-40 imijikelezo. Ukugxininiswa kwejene ekujoliswe kuyo kunqunywe ngokusebenzisa i-Ct yokuthelekisa (inani lomjikelo we-threshold kwindawo yokuwela phakathi kweploti yokukhulisa kunye ne-threshold) indlela, ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
-
I-oyile ye-Dalbergia Odoriferae esulungekileyo ye-Lignum ye-oyile yekhandlela kunye nesepha eyenza i-hoseile idiffuser i-oyile ebalulekileyo entsha kwizitshisi zeengcongolo.
Isityalo samayezaI-Dalbergia odoriferaT. Chen iintlobo, ezikwabizwa ngokubaLignum Dalbergia odoriferae[1], yeyeqelaeDalbergia, usapho lweFabaceae (Leguminosae) [2]. Esi sityalo sisasazwe ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezishushu zoMbindi noMzantsi Merika, eAfrika, eMadagascar, naseMpuma nakumaZantsi eAsia [1,3], ngakumbi eTshayina [4].D. odoriferaiintlobo, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi "Jiangxiang" ngesiTshayina, "Kangjinhyang" ngesiKorea, kunye ne "Koshinko" kumayeza aseJapan, isetyenziswe kumayeza esintu ukunyanga izifo zentliziyo, umhlaza, isifo seswekile, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, ischemia, ukudumba. i-necrosis, iintlungu ze-rheumatic, njl.5-7]. Ngokukodwa, ukusuka kumalungiselelo e-herbal aseTshayina, i-heartwood yafunyanwa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo njengenxalenye yemixube yeziyobisi zorhwebo kunyango lwe-cardiovascular treatment, kubandakanywa i-decoction ye-Qi-Shen-Yi-Qi, iipilisi ze-Guanxin-Danshen, kunye ne-Danshen injection [5,6,8-11]. Njengabanye abaninzieDalbergiaiintlobo, uphando lwe-phytochemical lubonise ukwenzeka kwezinto eziphambili ze-flavonoid, phenol, kunye ne-sesquiterpene kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesi sityalo, ngakumbi malunga ne-heartwood [12]. Ngapha koko, inani leengxelo ze-bioactive malunga ne-cytotoxic, i-antibacterial, i-antioxidative, i-anti-inflammatory, i-antithrombotic, i-antiosteosarcoma, i-antiosteoporosis, kunye nemisebenzi ye-vasorelaxant kunye nemisebenzi ye-alpha-glucosidase inhibitory ibonisa ukuba zombiniD. odoriferaizicatshulwa ezikrwada kunye neemetabolites zayo zesibini zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo kuphuhliso lwamachiza amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina buchazwe kwimbono jikelele malunga nesi sityalo. Kolu hlaziyo, sinika amagqabantshintshi amacandelo amakhulu ekhemikhali kunye novavanyo lwebhayoloji. Olu hlaziyo luya kwenza igalelo ekuqondeni amaxabiso emveliD. odoriferakunye nezinye iintlobo ezinxulumeneyo, kwaye ibonelela ngezikhokelo eziyimfuneko kuphando lwexesha elizayo.
